Wind Turbine
Implementation of a model of a variable pitch controlled wind turbine.
The model is based on the steady-state power characteristics of the turbine. The stiffness of the drive train is infinite and the friction factor and the inertia of the turbine must be combined with those of the generator coupled to the turbine. The output power of the turbine is given by the following equation.
where
| Pm | Mechanical output power of the turbine (W) |
| cp | Performance coefficient of the turbine |
| ρ | Air density (kg/m3) |
| A | Turbine swept area (m2) |
| vwind | Wind speed (m/s) |
| λ | Tip speed ratio of the rotor blade tip speed to wind speed |
| β | Blade pitch angle (deg) |
A generic equation is used to model cp(λ,β). This equation, based on the modeling turbine characteristics of [1], is:
with
The coefficients c1 to c6 are: c1 = 0.5176, c2 = 116, c3 = 0.4, c4 = 5, c5 = 21, c6 = 0.0068, c7 =0.08 and c8 =0.035.
The cp-λ characteristics, for different values of the pitch angle β, are illustrated below. The maximum value of cp (cpmax = 0.48) is achieved for β = 0 degree and for λ = 8.1. This particular value of λ is defined as the nominal value (λ_nom).
Nominal values that are used for calculating λ=vgenerator/vwind are
| vwind_nom | Nominal wind speed (m/s) = 12 (m/s) |
| vgenerator_nom | Nominal generator speed (rad/s) = ωgenerator*2*π (rad/s) |
| λ_nom | Nominal tip speed ratio of the rotor blade tip speed to wind speed = 8.1 |
Tip speed ration λ=λ_nom * (ωgenerator/ωgenerator_nom)/(vwind/vwind_nom)
Wind turbine application
In this application a wind turbine is coupled to a synchronous generator. The wind speed is set to a constant value of 12[m/s] The shaft of the wind turbine is coupled to the synchronous generator and the inertia of the shaft is modeled by the extra inertia.
The second input to the wind turbine model is the pitch of the rotor blades. In this application the pitch is set to 0 degrees. It can be connected to a pitch controller, in order to simulate the pitch controller to optimize the power produced by the wind turbine.
